Answer to Question 1
Most Filipinos adhere to the concept of bahala na, meaning that life is controlled by the will of God and by supernatural forces. If a person behaves properly, shows consideration of others and sensitivity in relationships, fulfills debts and obligations, shows gratitude, and avoids shame, he or she is rewarded with health in this life and eternal life after death. Many Filipinos believe that illness is a punishment for transgressions against God. Religious medals are worn for protection from evil.
In the Philippines health is maintained through the balance (timbering) of natural and supernatural elements. A person is thought to be predisposed to certain illnesses, and the timing of external events contributes to the development of disease. Unbalanced conditions, such as working too much, overeating, excessive drinking, inadequate diet or sleep, unhygienic conditions, infections, accidents, emotional stress (especially fright or anxiety), or loss of self-esteem, may increase a person's vulnerability, as do factors such as the season and the weather.
Answer to Question 2
b