Answer to Question 1
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Answer to Question 2
Obesity underlies a great many cases of type 2 diabetes and constitutes a major risk factor for its development. In many people, the greater the degree of body fatness, particularly around the waistline, the more insulin-resistant the cells become, and the higher the blood glucose rises. Even moderate weight gain, particularly among middle-aged people, increases diabetes risk, as do physical inactivity and genetic inheritance. Exactly how obesity leads to diabetes is a topic of research, but evidence suggests roles for elevated fatty acids in the bloodstream. When normal fat storage sites are full to overflowing with lipid, some excess lipid from the bloodstream may be deposited in other tissues, such as liver and muscle. This excess fat may trigger changes in complex metabolic processes involving inflammation, immune system responses, and insulin signaling within the cells. These disruptions may ultimately foster insulin resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes.
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