Answer to Question 1
The letters of LEARN stand for listen, explain, acknowledge, recommend, and negotiate. The letters of ETHNIC stand for explanation, treatment, healers, negotiate, intervention, and collaboration.
Both models indicate that understanding a client's beliefs, resources, and desires for treating a health condition is important. In the LEARN model this is achieved through listening carefully and asking for clarifications. A heath care worker explains back to a client his or her perception of the client's point of view in order to clarify understandings. In the ETHNIC model, emphasis is placed on using appropriate questions to be sure the counselor acquires an accurate understanding. In fact, the first three letters of the ETHNIC Model address components of acquiring an understanding a client's point of view.
Both models emphasize the importance of respecting and incorporating a client's beliefs into a treatment plan. The ETHNIC Model provides questions for the counselor to use to be sure the client is comfortable with the plan. The LEARN Model suggests providing several options for treatment. Since a client is making a selection, this increases commitment and motivation to follow an agreed upon plan.
Both models encourage negotiation finding acceptable options incorporating a client's beliefs. The ETHNIC Model emphasizes that a counselor should not contradict a client's beliefs.
The ETHNIC Model recognizes the importance of gaining support of key supporters through collaboration. This is not addressed in the LEARN Model.
Answer to Question 2
b
Fibromyalgia Model
Bronfenbrenner’s model of the ecological-systems approach to studying development. He suggested that
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