Answer to Question 1
Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-threatening genetic disorder among Caucasians. The condition is characterized by a mutation in the protein that regulates chloride transport across epithelial cell membranes. The abnormality alters the ion concentration and/or viscosity of exocrine secretions, causing a broad range of serious complications. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions. These altered secretions ultimately disrupt the functioning of multiple tissues and organs. Common complications of cystic fibrosis involve the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. Energy requirements may range from 120-150 percent of DRI values; however, intakes are often much lower than these levels. To achieve normal growth and appropriate weight, patients are encouraged to eat a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet, consume high-fat foods freely, eat frequent meals and snacks, and supplement meals with milkshakes or oral supplements. Supplemental tube feedings can help to improve nutrition status if energy intakes are inadequate.
Answer to Question 2
C