Answer to Question 1D
Answer to Question 2(1) Territorial waters are defined as extending 18.2 kilometers from shore. A nation has the
right to jurisdiction within its territorial waters. Straits used for international navigation are
excluded from a nations territorial waters in that any vessel has the right to innocent passage.
(2) The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extends 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles) from a
nations shoreline. If that country is able to prove that its continental shelf extends beyond that distance, it can extend that boundary out to nearly 650 kilometers (350 nautical miles)
from shore. Nations hold sovereignty over resources, economic activity, and environmental
protection within their EEZs. (3) All ocean areas outside the EEZs are considered the high
seas. In tradition, the high seas are common property to be shared by the citizens of the
world. The International Seabed Authority was established to oversee the extraction of
mineral resources from the floors of the high seas. (4) The values of protecting the ocean and
preventing pollution were endorsed. (5) Subject to some conditions, the freedom of scientific
research in the ocean was encouraged. The convention places about 40 of the world ocean
under the control of the coastal countries, within the EEZs. The resources of the remaining
60, the high seas, are to be shared by the citizens of the world.
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