Answer to Question 1
Answer: The brain is perfused to remove blood from the tissue and is fixed in formalin to harden the tissue and to halt autolysis.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: A solution of PHA-L is injected into a brain region, where it is taken up by dendrites and transported to the axon terminals. After a few days, the brain of the animal is processed, using an immunocytochemical method to localize PHA-L molecules in the axon terminals. Because the axon terminals are the end point of an efferent connection, distant regions that contain nerve cells that contain PHA-L are connected with the site of injection.