Answer to Question 1
Their effects are all mediated through their actions on 5-HT receptors. Their effects are subjectively indistinguishable from one another at appropriate doses. They share a molecular structure with either dopamine or serotonin and have several methyl groups attached to them. Tolerance to their effects occurs fairly rapidly and there is profound cross-tolerance among them.
Answer to Question 2
Monoamine-related hallucinogens P/P/Hs act through 5-HT receptors whereas cannabinoids act on anandimide receptors. Monoamine-related hallucinogens are generally more potent in inducing hallucinatory and kaleidoscopic experiences than cannabinoids. Monoamine-related hallucinogens increase psychological and physiological signs of arousal, whereas cannabinoids tend to decrease these. Cannabinoids have a generalized fluidizing action on neuronal membranes that is not a property of Monoamine-related hallucinogens. Cannabinoids are much more lipid soluble than Monoamine-related hallucinogens and are stored in fat tissue for several weeks. Tolerance to the subjective effects of Monoamine-related hallucinogens occurs fairly rapidly, whereas they do not show as rapid a tolerance with cannabinoids. Chronic use of cannabinoids can result in mild physical dependence, whereas there is no evidence of this with Monoamine-related hallucinogens.
The chemical structure of mescaline, derived from the peyote cactus
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The chemical structure of mescaline, derived from the peyote cactus.