Answer to Question 1
Emotion reactivity refers to individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience, which provide clues to an individual's level of distress and sensitivity to the environment. Emotion regulation, on the other hand, involves enhancing, maintaining, or inhibiting emotional arousal, which is usually done for a specific purpose or goal.
Answer to Question 2
Accordingly, attachment serves an important stress-reduction function. The infant is motivated to maintain a balance between the desire to preserve the familiar and the desire to seek and explore new information. Self-reliance develops when the attachment figure provides a secure base for exploration (Bretherton & Munholland, 2008). Moreover, a child's internal working model of relationshipswhat he or she expects from others and how he or she relates to othersemerges from this first crucial relationship and is carried forward into later relationships.
Number of lower molar cusps is one of the features used to distinguish sundadonts from sinodonts.
Emotion: fear.
Allosteric regulation of enzyme activity.
Integumentary regulation of body temperature.
The James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Regulation of GAL gene transcription