Answer to Question 1
Emotion reactivity refers to individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience, which provide clues to an individual's level of distress and sensitivity to the environment. Emotion regulation, on the other hand, involves enhancing, maintaining, or inhibiting emotional arousal, which is usually done for a specific purpose or goal.
Answer to Question 2
Accordingly, attachment serves an important stress-reduction function. The infant is motivated to maintain a balance between the desire to preserve the familiar and the desire to seek and explore new information. Self-reliance develops when the attachment figure provides a secure base for exploration (Bretherton & Munholland, 2008). Moreover, a child's internal working model of relationshipswhat he or she expects from others and how he or she relates to othersemerges from this first crucial relationship and is carried forward into later relationships.
The Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Renal regulation of sodium and potassium balance
Competing Theories of Emotion
The Misprediction of Emotion
The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Transcriptional regulation by a riboswitch mechanism