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In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
The immune system needs 9.5 hours of sleep in total darkness to recharge completely.
The term bacteria was devised in the 19th century by German biologist Ferdinand Cohn. He based it on the Greek word "bakterion" meaning a small rod or staff. Cohn is considered to be the father of modern bacteriology.
Bisphosphonates were first developed in the nineteenth century. They were first investigated for use in disorders of bone metabolism in the 1960s. They are now used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone metastasis, multiple myeloma, and other conditions that feature bone fragility.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.