Answer to Question 1
Answer: C. perfringens releases an endotoxin (alpha toxin) that alters the sphingomyelin and lecithin in the erythrocyte membrane. This alters the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane and leads to hemolysis.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Erythrocyte damage is usually the result of some type of physical damage resulting in fragmentation of the membrane. As the damage occurs, the erythrocyte membrane is sliced open and then seals itself. As it seals, abnormal shapes formed, referred to as schistocytes, can form. In MAHA, the damage to the endothelial lining of blood vessels can result in deposits of fibrin within the vessels. As erythrocytes pass thru the fibrin web, the membranes are fragmented.
Common pathogens and some infections
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