Answer to Question 1
Basal metabolic rate is the largest consumer of energy. This is the energy used for vital body functions such as respiration, heart beat, brain functioning, and heat production. It is influenced by lean body mass, gender, height, and thyroid hormone levels.
The thermic effect of food is the energy used to process foods. The digestive system must break down and assimilate nutrients as well as eliminate wastes. This thermic effect of food represents about 5-10 of daily energy expenditure.
The energy used by voluntary activities above and beyond the basal metabolic rate can be influenced by the individual's activity level. If a person walks more or exercises more each day, he will expend more calories that day. Anywhere from 25-50 of the body's energy use is necessitated by physical activity.
Answer to Question 2
True