Answer to Question 1
Over time, chronic alcohol consumption can activate a group of liver enzymes that assist in alcohol metabolism, reducing the amount of time a person remains intoxicated. This is why some chronic drinkers develop a tolerance to alcohol, reducing its effects and allowing them to drink excessive amounts before becoming intoxicated. Because these enzymes also aid in the metabolism of other drugs, a heavy drinker may develop a cross-tolerance to these substances as well. In other words, when tolerance to alcohol develops, it is possible to become more tolerant (less responsive) to certain other drugs.
Answer to Question 2
AUDs, a spectrum of behaviors that encompasses both recurrent excessive drinking and alcoholism, arises when drinking leads to negative physical, legal, and/or social consequences. AUDs are not discriminatory; they affect men and women, young and old, professional and nonprofessional, and rich and poor. Habitual alcohol abuse affects virtually every aspect of a person's life, including family relationships and performance at work and at school. Arrests related to public intoxication, driving while under the influence of alcohol, and other alcohol-related crimes often result in substantial legal problems.
Cross section of a myocardial infarction.
A schematic cross section of the spinal cord and the dorsal and ventral roots.
The monohybrid cross between tall and dwarf pea plants
Sexual Development begins in the Seventh week of Gestation
Progressive restriction of cell fate during development in Drosophila
Trihybrid cross to verify independent assortment