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Blood in the urine can be a sign of a kidney stone, glomerulonephritis, or other kidney problems.
Over time, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections can progress to advanced liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unlike other forms, more than 80% of hepatitis C infections become chronic and lead to liver disease. When combined with hepatitis B, hepatitis C now accounts for 75% percent of all cases of liver disease around the world. Liver failure caused by hepatitis C is now leading cause of liver transplants in the United States.
Despite claims by manufacturers, the supplement known as Ginkgo biloba was shown in a study of more than 3,000 participants to be ineffective in reducing development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in older people.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
For pediatric patients, intravenous fluids are the most commonly cited products involved in medication errors that are reported to the USP.